标题：我的Django学习笔记(最后更新2008-05-22)
出处：运维进行时
时间：Thu, 22 May 2008 16:13:00 +0000
作者：root
地址：https://blog.liuts.com/post/94/

内容：
〖高级视图和URL配置〗
============================================================================
一、流线型化(Streamlining)函数导入
方式1:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite.views import current_datetime,hours_ahead
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^now/$', current_datetime),
    (r'^now/plus(\d{1,2})hours/$', hours_ahead),
)

方式2:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^now/$', views.current_datetime),
    (r'^now/plus(\d{1,2})hours/$', views.hours_ahead),
)

方式3：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('mysite.views',
    (r'^/?$', 'archive_index'),
    (r'^(\d{4})/([a-z]{3})/$', 'archive_month'),
)
urlpatterns += patterns('weblog.views',
    (r'^tag/(\w+)/$', 'tag'),
)

二、使用命名组
无组命名:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', views.month_archive),
)

有组命名：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^articles/(?P\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    (r'^articles/(?P\d{4})/(?P\d{2})/$', views.month_archive),
)

例如，如果不带命名组，请求 /articles/2006/03/ 将会等于这样的函数调用：
month_archive(request, '2006', '03')
而带命名组，同样的请求就是这样的函数调用：
month_archive(request, year='2006', month='03')

三、匹配/组合算法

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^foo/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template1.html'}),
    (r'^bar/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template2.html'}),
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import MyModel
def foobar_view(request, template_name):
    m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})

四、伪造捕捉到的URLconf值

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^mydata/birthday/$', views.my_view, {'month': 'jan', 'day': '06'}),
    (r'^mydata/(?P\w{3})/(?P\d\d)/$', views.my_view),
)
def my_view(request, month, day):
    # ....

五、通用视图
原视图：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^events/$', views.event_list),
    (r'^blog/entries/$', views.entry_list),
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import Event, BlogEntry
def event_list(request):
    obj_list = Event.objects.all()
    return render_to_response('mysite/event_list.html', {'event_list': obj_list})

def entry_list(request):
    obj_list = BlogEntry.objects.all()
    return render_to_response('mysite/blogentry_list.html', {'entry_list': obj_list})

通用视图：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import models, views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^events/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.Event}),
    (r'^blog/entries/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.BlogEntry}),
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def object_list(request, model):
    obj_list = model.objects.all()
    template_name = 'mysite/%s_list.html' % model.__name__.lower()
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'object_list': obj_list})

URLconf可以带model类型的参数。

六、提供视图配置选项
一个应用中比较常见的可供配置代码是模板名字:

def my_view(request, template_name):
    var = do_something()
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'var': var})

捕捉值和额外参数之间的优先级:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^mydata/(?P\d+)/$', views.my_view, {'id': 3}),
)

（比如， /mydata/2/ 或者 /mydata/432432/ ）都会作 id 设置为 3 对待，不管URL里面能捕捉到什么样的值。

七、缺省视图参数

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/$', views.page),
    (r'^blog/page(?P\d+)/$', views.page),
)
# views.py
def page(request, num="1"):
    # Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.
    # ...

八、特殊情况下的视图

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ...
    ('^auth/user/add/$', 'django.contrib.admin.views.auth.user_add_stage'),
    ('^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/add/$', 'django.contrib.admin.views.main.add_stage'),
    # ...
)

我们要利用URLconf从顶向下的解析顺序这个特点。象 /auth/user/add/ 的请求将会被 user_add_stage 视图处理。尽管URL也匹配第二种模式，它会先匹配上面的模式。（这是短路逻辑。）

九、从URL中捕获文本的注意点
每个被捕获的参数将被作为纯Python字符串来发送，而不管正则表达式中的格式。举个例子，在这行URLConf中：
(r'^articles/(?P\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),
参数 year 是作为string传至 views.year_archive() ，而非integer，即使 \d{4} 将只匹配整数的字符串。
当你在写视图代码时记住这点很重要，许多Python内建的方法对于接受的对象的类型很讲究。很常见的错误时用字符串值而不是整数值来创建datetime.date对象：
错误：

def day_archive(request, year, month, day)
    # The following statement raises a TypeError!
    date = datetime.date(year, month, day)

正确：

def day_archive(request, year, month, day)
    date = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day))

十、包含(include)其他URLconf

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^weblog/', include('mysite.blog.urls')),
    (r'^photos/', include('mysite.photos.urls')),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
)
    ---------------------------------
mysite.blog.urls
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^(\d\d\d\d)/$', 'mysite.blog.views.year_detail'),
    (r'^(\d\d\d\d)/(\d\d)/$', 'mysite.blog.views.month_detail'),
)

*/weblog/2007/ ：在第一个URLconf中，模式 r'^weblog/' 被匹配。因为它是一个 include() ，Django将截掉所有匹配的文本，在这里是 'weblog/' 。URL剩余的部分是 2007/\ ， 将在 mysite.blog.urls ·这个URLconf的第一行中被匹配。
*/weblog//2007/ ：在第一个URLconf中，模式 r'^weblog/' 被匹配。因为它是一个 include() ，Django将截掉所有匹配的文本，在这里是 'weblog/' 。URL剩余的部分是 /2007/ (开头有一个斜杠)，将不会匹配``mysite.blog.urls`` 中的任何URLconf。
*/about/ : 这个匹配第一个URLconf中的``mysite.views.about``view。只是为了示范你可以混合``include()`` patterns和 non-include() patterns在一起使用。

十一、捕获的参数如何让和 include()协同工作

# root urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^(?P\w+)/blog/', include('foo.urls.blog')),
)
# foo/urls/blog.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^$', 'foo.views.blog_index'),
    (r'^archive/$', 'foo.views.blog_archive'),
)

在这个例子中，被捕获的”username”变量将传递给被included 的 URLconf，因此，在那个被included 的 URLconf中的每一个view函数都将获得那个参数。

十二、额外的URLconf如何和include()协同工作
下面的两个URLconf在功能上是相等的。

第一个：

# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/', include('inner'), {'blogid': 3}),
)
# inner.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^archive/$', 'mysite.views.archive'),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
    (r'^rss/$', 'mysite.views.rss'),
)

第二个

# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/', include('inner')),
)
# inner.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^archive/$', 'mysite.views.archive', {'blogid': 3}),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about', {'blogid': 3}),
    (r'^rss/$', 'mysite.views.rss', {'blogid': 3}),
)



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