运维进行时

   大家注意的是,这里的内存指的是linux下的内存处理方式. 我告诉有朋友我一直用linux.他问我了一下我为什么linux使用的内存这么高.他讲他1G的内在free才232M.而win xp才用200M的样子
    其实啊.linux的内存是很说究的.如下命令free是显示的当前内存的使用,-m参数的意思是M字节来显示内容.我们来一起看看.
$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1002 769 232 0 62 421
-/+ buffers/cache: 286 715
Swap: 1153 0 1153
第一部分Mem行:
total 内存总数: 1002M
used 已经使用的内存数: 769M
free 空闲的内存数: 232M
shared 当前已经废弃不用，总是0
buffers Buffer 缓存内存数: 62M
cached Page 缓存内存数:421M

splunk是什么？

需关闭selinux

功能：根据获取到的服务器信息(数据来源格式为XML)动态去更新nagios配置。
C++部分
*************************************************************************** *   Copyright (C) 2009 by liuts   * *   liutiansi@gmail.com* *                                                                         * *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  * *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  * *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     * *   (at your option) any later version.                                   * *                                                                         * *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       * *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        * *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         * *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          * *                                                                         * *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     * *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         * *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       * *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             * ***************************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include "tinyxml.h" #include "tinyxml.cpp" #include "tinystr.h" #include "tinystr.cpp" #include "tinyxmlparser.cpp" #include "tinyxmlerror.cpp" using namespace std; class nagios_rsync { public:   nagios_rsync(char *sys_par);   ~nagios_rsync ();   string hostgroups (string hostgroup_name,string members);   string hosts (string members,string sysos);   string services (string members);   string writefile (string filename,string addstring);   string (*displayXmlDocument_class (string filename))[2];   string (*displayXmlDocument_info (string filename))[3];   void produfile(); private:   char *sysargc;   string (*p_class)[2];   string (*p_info)[3];   bool servernum;   string service_str;   string hostgroups_str;   string server_str;   string serveros_str;   string host_str;   string ClassInfo[50][2];   string ServerInfo[800][3]; }; //构造func,传入更新标志； nagios_rsync::nagios_rsync (char *sys_par) { servernum=false; service_str="Switch,"; hostgroups_str=""; server_str=""; serveros_str=""; host_str="define host{\n"; host_str+="    name                            windows-server    ; The name of this host template\n"; host_str+="    use                             generic-host    ; This template inherits other values from the generic-host template\n"; host_str+="    check_period                    24x7            ; By default, Linux hosts are checked round the clock\n"; host_str+="    max_check_attempts              10              ; Check each Linux host 10 times (max)\n"; host_str+="    check_command                   check-host-alive ; Default command to check Linux hosts\n"; host_str+="    notification_period             workhours       ; Linux admins hate to be woken up, so we only notify during the day\n"; host_str+="                                                     ; Note that the notification_period variable is being overridden from\n"; host_str+="                                                    ; the value that is inherited from the generic-host template!\n"; host_str+="    #notification_interval           120             ; Resend notification every 2 hours\n"; host_str+="    notification_interval      780\n"; host_str+="    notification_options            d,u,r           ; Only send notifications for specific host states\n"; host_str+="    contact_groups                  admins          ; Notifications get sent to the admins by default\n"; host_str+="    register                        0               ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE!\n"; host_str+="    notification_period        24x7\n"; host_str+="}\n"; sysargc=sys_par; displayXmlDocument_class("./NagiosServerClass.xml"); displayXmlDocument_info("./NagiosServerInfo.xml"); } //类虚构func，销毁创建的指针； nagios_rsync::~nagios_rsync () { free(p_class); free(p_info); delete ClassInfo; delete ServerInfo; } //生成hostgroups.cfg串方法； string nagios_rsync::hostgroups(string hostgroup_name,string members) { string hostgroupsstr=""; hostgroupsstr+="define hostgroup{\n"; hostgroupsstr+="    hostgroup_name    "+hostgroup_name+"\n"; hostgroupsstr+="    alias\n"; hostgroupsstr+="    members    "+members+"\n"; hostgroupsstr+="}\n"; return hostgroupsstr; } //生成hosts.cfg串方法； string nagios_rsync::hosts(string members,string sysos) { string hosts=""; hosts+="define host{\n"; hosts+="    use        "+sysos+"\n"; hosts+="    host_name  "+members+"\n"; hosts+="    alias      "+members+"\n"; hosts+="    address    "+members+"\n"; hosts+="}\n"; return hosts; } //生成service.cfg串方法； string nagios_rsync::services(string members) { string services=""; services+="define service{\n"; services+="    use                    local-service\n"; services+="    hostgroup_name         "+members+"\n"; services+="    service_description    PING\n"; services+="    check_command          check_ping!200.0,20%!600.0,60%\n"; services+="    normal_check_interval  5\n"; services+="    retry_check_interval   1\n"; services+="}\n"; return services; } //写配置文件方法，形参为文件名及串； string nagios_rsync::writefile(string filename,string addstring) { string mainpath="/nagios/etc/"+filename; ofstream FileObject; FileObject.open(mainpath.c_str(),ios::app); FileObject<    FileObject.close(); return "1"; } //获取XML分类文件到指针； string (*nagios_rsync::displayXmlDocument_class(string filename))[2] { TiXmlDocument doc(filename.c_str()); doc.LoadFile(); TiXmlElement *root_r = doc.RootElement(); int i=0; for(TiXmlNode *node = root_r->FirstChild(); node; node = node->NextSibling()) {   //遍历输出子节点名称及值;   TiXmlNode *child = node->FirstChild();   int j=0;   while(child)   {    ClassInfo[i][j]=child->Value();    int type = child->Type();    if (type == TiXmlNode::ELEMENT)    {     ClassInfo[i][j]=child->ToElement()->GetText();    }    child = node->IterateChildren(child);    j+=1;   }   i+=1; } p_class=ClassInfo; } //获取XML文件服务器信息数据到指针； string (*nagios_rsync::displayXmlDocument_info(string filename))[3] { TiXmlDocument doc(filename.c_str()); doc.LoadFile(); TiXmlElement *root_r = doc.RootElement(); //static vector > ClassInfo(m,vector(n)); int i=0; for(TiXmlNode *node = root_r->FirstChild(); node; node = node->NextSibling()) {   //遍历输出节点属性名称及值;   if (node->Type() == TiXmlNode::ELEMENT)   {    for(TiXmlAttribute *attr = node->ToElement()->FirstAttribute(); attr; attr = attr->Next())    {     cout << "    " << attr->Name() << " =: " << attr->Value() << endl;    }   }   //遍历输出子节点名称及值;   TiXmlNode *child = node->FirstChild();   int j=0;   while(child)   {    ServerInfo[i][j]=child->Value();    int type = child->Type();    if (type == TiXmlNode::ELEMENT)    {     ServerInfo[i][j]=child->ToElement()->GetText();    }    child = node->IterateChildren(child);    j+=1;   }   i+=1; } p_info=ServerInfo; } //遍历处理两个指针； void nagios_rsync::produfile() { int i=0; int j=0; //遍历分类指针； for (i=0;i<50;i++)   //过滤空元素；   if (*(*(p_class+i)+0)!="")   {    //遍历主机信息指针；    for (j=0;j<800;j++)     //过滤空元素；     if (*(*(p_info+j)+0)!="")     {      //获取主机IP，逗号分隔；      if (*(*(p_info+j)+1)==*(*(p_class+i)))      {       server_str+= *(*(p_info+j))+",";       servernum=true;      }           if ((sysargc[0]=='1' or sysargc[0]=='3') and i==0)      {       //获取服务器IP及OS并写入hosts.cfg文件；       host_str+=hosts(*(*(p_info+j)),*(*(p_info+j)+2));       writefile("hosts.cfg",host_str);       host_str="";      }     }     else break;    //当分类成员不为空时，获取分类串，逗号分隔；       if ((sysargc[0]=='2' or sysargc[0]=='3') and servernum==true)    {     service_str+=*(*(p_class+i)+1)+",";    } //获取分类名及该分类主机IP到串，忽略主机为空的分类；    if (server_str!="")    {     hostgroups_str=hostgroups(*(*(p_class+i)+1),server_str);     writefile("hostgroups.cfg",hostgroups_str);     hostgroups_str="";     server_str="";    }    servernum=false;   }   else break; //写入service.cfg文件； writefile("services.cfg",services(service_str)); } //类入 口main()，接受用户参数； int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *sysargc; sysargc=argv[1]; nagios_rsync app(sysargc); app.produfile(); return 0; }

备份软件源：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

编辑软件源：
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

将里面的内容通通删掉，然后将下面的信息粘帖进去：
Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

从标准输入中读取密码，所以用户可以在脚本中使用如

这种方式来批量更改密码。但该方式只适合redhat系列。
如果是debian/suse系统可以使用chpasswd。
格式：

config.h
#ifndef _CONFIG #define _CONFIG #include #include using namespace std; class CConfig { public: explicit CConfig(const char* xmlFileName) :mXmlConfigFile(xmlFileName),mRootElem(0) { //加载配置文件 mXmlConfigFile.LoadFile(); //得到配置文件的根结点 mRootElem=mXmlConfigFile.RootElement(); } public: //得到nodeName结点的值 string GetValue(const string& nodeName); private: //禁止默认构造函数被调用 //CMmsConfig(); private: TiXmlDocument mXmlConfigFile; TiXmlElement* mRootElem; }; #endif

一、TinyXml安装
http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/tinyxml/tinyxml_2_5_3.tar.gz
tar -zxvf tinyxml_2_5_3.tar.gz
cd tinyxml_2_5_3
make

二、文档位置
tinyxml_2_5_3/docs

三、例子
xmltest.cpp

四、类之间的关系
TinyXml实现的时DOM访问模型，因此提供了一系列的类对应XML文件中的各个节点。主要类间的关系如下图所示：

TiXmlBase：其他类的基类，是个抽象类
TiXmlNode：表示一个节点，包含节点的一般方法，如访问自节点、兄弟节点、编辑自身、编辑子节电
TiXmlDocument：表示整个XML文档，不对应其中某个特定的节点。
TiXmlElement：表示元素节点，可以包含子节点和TiXmlAttribute
TiXmlComment：表示注释
TiXmlDeclaration：表示声明
TiXmlText：表示文本节点
TiXmlUnknown：表示未知节点，通常是出错了
TiXmlAttribute：表示一个元素的属性

Linux主机突然无法远程连接,本地显示器显示Kernel Panic 错误（是因为硬件的原因或驱动故障），并且默认的系统会停在那里，直到你去重新启动它。
处理方法：

配制生效
#sysctl -p
来告诉系统从Panic错误中自动重启，等待时间为10秒:)